Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed to diagnose and treat conditions in the abdominal and pelvic regions. It involve the use of a laparoscope, a thin, lighted instrument with a camera, which is inserted into the abdomen through small incisions.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy: Diagnostic laparoscopy is done to view organs, tissues, and structures in the abdomen and pelvis, so that the surgeon can identify any abnormalities. Steps of diagnostic laparoscopy

1. Preparation and anaesthesia:  usually done under general anaesthesia so as to ensure comfort and to the patient during the procedure. The abdomen is prepared by cleaning with antiseptics.
2. Insertion: 2-3 small incisions, typically 0.5 to 1 centimetre, are made in the abdomen. Carbon dioxide gas is insufflated into the abdomen to create space and facilitate visualization of the organs. The laparoscope is inserted through a trocar put through the incision, providing a magnified view of the abdominal cavity on a monitor.
3. Visualisation : The surgeon examines the abdominal and pelvic organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder, and intestines, liver surface. Any abnormalities, like endometriosis, any adhesions, ovarian cysts, fibroids, hydrosalpinx or structural abnormalities, can be identified.

Operative Laparoscopy: Operative laparoscopy involves both diagnosis and treatment of any abnormalties found during the procedure.

1. Preparation and insertion: same as in diagnostic laparoscopy
2. Surgical intervention: Various surgical procedures can be done, common procedures include ovarian cystectomy, treating endometriosis, removing fibroids or adhesions, tubal ligation or reversal, and ovarian drilling for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Laparoscopy offers several advantages compared to open surgery, including smaller incisions, reduced pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and minimal scarring. But, as with any surgical procedure, there are some risks and complications. It is very important to consult a  gynecologist/ivf specialist who specializes in laparoscopy to determine the most appropriate approach for your specific condition.